Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)

Overview

SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) is an older security protocol that encrypts data for secure internet communication, replaced by TLS (Transport Layer Security), its successor, which provides privacy, authentication, and data integrity, making websites use "HTTPS" and showing a padlock icon for security. It works by establishing a secure "handshake" between browsers and servers, using public/private keys to encrypt data, ensuring only the intended recipient sees it, crucial for online transactions and confidential info.

Key Functions & How it Works

Encryption: Scrambles data (like passwords, credit card numbers) so it's unreadable if intercepted.

Authentication: Verifies that the server is who it claims to be, preventing fake sites.

Data Integrity: Ensures data isn't altered during transmission.

Handshake: A process where the browser and server agree on encryption methods and exchange keys.

Keys: Uses asymmetric (public/private) keys for initial setup and symmetric keys for faster data encryption.

SSL vs. TLS

SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) was the original protocol. TLS (Transport Layer Security) is the modern, more secure version, with SSL essentially being phased out in favor of TLS. When you see "HTTPS" or a padlock, it signifies TLS (or legacy SSL) encryption is active.

Why it Matters

Trust: Builds user trust by showing security.

Mandatory: Modern browsers flag HTTP sites as "Not Secure."

Search engines: prioritize HTTPS sites.

Security: Protects sensitive user information during online activities.

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